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Resistance Memorial - Val Melaina

Memorial of the Resistance - Val Melaina

(Inglese) Plaque fallen devoted to partisan members of communist formations, lived in Val Melaina council housing estate and its nearness.

The plaque, posed in 1954, is placed in Via Scarpanto 31, that runs parallel to Via di Valle Melaina, on the otuside wall of housing estate.

This complex, with fifteen staircases and seven floor buildings was completed in 1933, a typical example of council housing estate architecture of that period, with a wide (for the modern canons) court covered with trees, especially maritime pines.

This is a simple plaque, with the name of the fallens and a dedication from the inhabitant of the boroughs. Unusual, for a "Resistance Memorial Plaque" is use the character "V" for the letter "U". This use, the standard in the Ancient Rome, is normally avoid in resistance memorial, due the indirect linkage between "Ancient Rome" and "Fascist Epic". The small plaque is well preserved, but only due the recent restoration, after an act of vandalism made in in the night between 21 and 22 October 2004. The plaque was burned and marked with black paint, and restored only after some months.

The plaque is rembered every 25 April, and homaged with a funeral wreath by the 4th Municipality of Rome.

Here a translation of the plaque inscription:

HONOUR AND GLORY TO THE FOUR MARTYRS

OF VALLE MELAINA BARABAROUSLY KILLED

BY NAZI-FASCISTS

RIZIERI FANTINI     ANTONIO PISTONESI

RENZO PIASCO     FILIPPO ROCCHI

_____

THE INHABITANTS OF VAL MELAINA

MINDFUL OF SACRIFICE OF WHOM

THAT HAD FOUGHT AND GIVEN THE LIFE

FOR LIBERTY INDIPENDENCE AND PEACE

OF ITALY

POSED THIS PLAQUE

25 MARCH 1954

-

About the four fallen rembered on the plaque:

• Riziero Fantini was born in Coppito, L’Aquila, the 6 april 1892, around him, and Mario Menichetti, was formed a cell of Italian Communist Party in Val Melaina. Fantini was born in a family of socialist ideas, in youth he was an anarchic actvist, an lived between 1910 and 1920 in the United States. At his return in Italy, he promoted the cause of Sacco and Vanzetti, and became a correspondet with Nicola Sacco. Before to went in Rome, were he worked as builder, he lived in Marche region for some years. In 1940 became a member of the Italian Communist Party. He was arrested the 23 dicember 1943, with his sond Adolfo e Furio, and the comradens Filippo Rocchi, Italo Grimaldi, Raffaele Riva, Antonio Feurra, Giovanni Andreozzi. Fantini was executed at Forte Bravetta the 30 december, with Feurra, Grimaldi, and the carabinieri Raffaele Pinto e Antonio Pozzi.
  
• Filippo Rocchi, shopkeeper. He was born in 1909 in Fara Sabina, Rieti. He is rembered as a member of a cell part Banda Napoli group, named from the Franco Napoli, nicknamed Felice. Part of Naples Banda Was Also The cell in What Was a member Joseph Albano, "The Hunchback of Quarticciolo" The hunchback of Quarticciolo , leader of a "red flag" formation in Centocelle Quarticciolo and boroughs. The Rocchi Was Arrested dicember 23, 1943, with Riziero Fantini, Fantini's sons Adolf and Furio, and the comradens, Italo Grimaldi, Raffaele Riva, Antonio Feurra, John Andreozzi. He Was killed at the Fosse Ardeatine 24 March 1944.
• Pistonesi Antonio and Renzo Piasco. The first, waiter, the second railwayman (not laid off hit after compliance with IHR) Were Among The inspire of a cell of young workers That gravitated around the student formation ARSI, Revolutionary Association of Italian student, Italian Revolutionary Student Association . Both Were Arrested on February 3, 1944 roundup and killed at the Fosse Ardeatine massacre, The following 24 March.

Val Melaina council housing estate, from Karpathos Street, at the corner with Via Gorgona
The residential complex of Val Melaina, Via Karpathos, corner Via Gorgona

(Italian) Plaque in memory of fallen partisans, members of joint training, and they lived in public housing by Val Melaina and in its vicinity.
The plaque, placed in 1954, is located in Via Karpathos 31, parallel to the Via di Valle Melaina, on the outer walls of the apartment complex.
This complex, with fifteen scales and seven-story buildings, was completed in 1933, a typical example of housing architecture of the period, with a large (compared to modern canons) courtyard, with garden and trees, especially pine . It is a simple plaque with the names of the fallen, and a dedication by the inhabitants of the neighborhood.
quite rare for a plaque in memory of the Resistance is the use of the character "V" for the letter "U". This was the norm in the inscriptions of ancient Rome, and is generally avoided in the monuments to the resistance, given the indirect relationship between "Ancient Rome" and "Epic fascist." The plate is well preserved, but only thanks to recent restorations, after an act of vandalism carried out in the night between 21 and 22 October 2004. The plate was burned and defaced with black paint, it was restored a few months later.
The plate is remembered every April 25 and honored with a crown affixed by the IV Municipio di Roma.

QVATTRO HONOUR AND GLORY TO THE VALLEY OF MARTYRS
Melaine VCCISI
by Nazi-Fascist barbarism
Rizieri FANTINI ANTONIO PISTONESI
RENZO Piasca Filippo Rocchi
_____
THE RESIDENTS OF VAL Melaine
MINDFUL OF THE SACRIFICE OF THOSE
who fought And given their lives
FOR FREEDOM AND PEACE INDEPENDENCE OF ITALY

QVESTA STONE PLACED
April 25, 1954

The four dead remembered in stone:

• Riziero Fantini was born a couple, ' Eagle, April 6, 1892. Around him and Mario Menichetti going to form a cell of the Communist Party in Val Melaina. Fantini was born into a family of socialist ideas, and in his youth was an anarchist activist, living between 1910 and 1920 in the United States. On his return to Italy, promoted the cause of Sacco and Vanzetti, Nicola Sacco-selling a correspondent. Before moving to Rome, where he worked as a construction worker, lived in Makes for some years. In 1940 he joined the Communist Party. He was arrested Dec. 23, 1943, together with his sons Adolf and Furio, and his companions Philip Rocca, Italy Grimaldi, Raffaele Riva, Antonio Feurra, John Andreozzi. Fantini was shot at Fort Bravetta December 30, along with Feurra, Grimaldi, and the two policemen and Antonio Pinto Raffaele Pozzi.
• Filippo Rocchi, merchant. He was born in Fara Sabina, Rieti, in 1909. He is remembered as a member of a cell Banda Naples, Naples Franco, nom de guerre Felice. Naples was also part of the Band of the cell where he was a member Joseph Albano, "The Hunchback of Quarticciolo", leader of a formation of "Red Flag" active and Centocelle Quarticciolo. Even Rocchi was arrested Dec. 23, 1943, along with Fantini and his sons Adolf and Furio, and companions, Italo Grimaldi, Raffaele Riva, Antonio Feurra, John Andreozzi. He was killed at the Fosse Ardeatine March 24, 1944.
• Pistonesi Antonio Renzo Piasco. The first chamber, the second railroad worker (licensed after the failure to adhere to CSR) among the instigators of a cell of young workers who gravitated around the student training ARSI, Revolutionary Association of Italian student. Both were arrested in the big round of 3 February 1944 and killed at the Fosse Ardeatine March 24 next.

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Massimo D'Antona Via Salaria

(Inglese) Plaque devoted to Massimo D'Antona labor law professor at Sapienza University of Rome, and consultant for the Department of Work, killed May 20 by the Red Brigades 1999. D'Antona Was Born in Rome 11 April 1948, During His Life teached at universities of Naples, Catania and Rome, and Was Chief Executive Officer of, ENAV, National Agency for Flight Assistance (National Board for Air Traffic Control) .
He Was Killed by Mario Galesi and Nadia Desdemona Lioce, Marco Biagi later Involved in the assassination. Soon after the retrieved Murder Was the claim, in fourteen Articulated sheets, like the claims used in seventies.

The D'Antona assasination, was the first act of Brigate Rosse after eleven years of inactivity, since Roberto Ruffili assasination. Three years later, the same cell, killed another jurist and expert of labour law, Marco Biagi.
In 2003, during a normal railway police control, Galesi and Desdemona Lioce reacted again three police constable. In shooting followed remained killed police constable Emanuele Petri and Galesi.

Nadia Desdemona Lioce was condamned to life sentence by Corte d'Assise in 2005.

The plaque was placed in 2000, assasination first anniversary in the place of killing: Via Salaria, in front N°121, on the side of Villa Albani boundary wall. The simple plaque already presents the first signs of fading.
The plaque inscription is completed with a quote from Horace non omnis moriar , literally I shall not entirely , Odes, III, 30,6.

An anonymous hand had added later, with three stripes of adhesive tape, the writing "honest man" "killed" "by the Red Brigades".



Here a translation of the plaque inscription:

IN THIS PLACE

IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF HIS RESIDENCE

THE PROFESSOR MASSIMO D'ANTONA

ILLUSTRIOUS SCHOLAR OF LABOUR LAW

WAS ASSASINATED

BY TERRORIST HAND

IN THE FIRST ANNIVERSARY

OF THE TRAGIC EVENT

THE MUNICIPALITY OF ROME

PLACED FOR MEMORY AND MONITION
I SHALL NOT DIE Entirely
1999-20 MAY - 2000
-

(Italian) plaque in memory of plaque in memory of Massimo D'Antona, a professor of labor law at the University Sapienza of Rome, and consultant to the Ministry of Labour, who was killed by the Red Brigades May 20, 1999.
D'Antona was born in Rome on 11 April 1948, and during his life had taught at the universities of Naples, Catania and Rome, and was CEO of ENAV, National Agency for Flight Assistance. He was killed by Mario Galesi and Nadia Desdemona Lioce, subsequently coninvolti in the murder of Marco Biagi. Shortly after the murder was made to revive the claim, made by fourteen sheets, such as those used in the 70s. D'Antona
The murder was the first act of the Red Brigades after eleven years of inactivity, the murder of Roberto Ruffili. Three years later, the same cell, another murderer labor lawyers, Marco Biagi.
In 2003, during a routine control of the police station, Galesi and Lioce reacted against the three police officers. In the shootout that followed, were killed agent Galesi and Emanuele Petri.
Nadia Desdemona Lioce was sentenced to life imprisonment by the Court of Assizes in 2005.

The stone was laid in 2000, the first anniversary, and in the place of the murder: Via Salaria, opposite number 121, on the walls of Villa Albania. The simple plate already exhibits signs of discoloration of registration.
The plate ends with a quotation from Horace non omnis moriar , which means I will not die entirely , taken from the Odes, III, 30, 6. An anonymous hand has subsequently added, with three strips of tape, the word "honest man" killed "by the Red Brigades."

IN THIS SITE IN THE VICINITY OF HIS RESIDENCE
PROFESSOR Massimo D'Antona
distinguished scholars LABOUR LAW WAS ASSASSINATED


TERRORIST BY HAND IN THE FIRST ANNIVERSARY OF THE TRAGIC EVENT

IL COMUNE DI ROMA

A RICORDO E MONITO POSE



NON OMNIS MORIAR

1999 - 20 MAGGIO - 2000

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Pio-Spaccamela - Via Piave

(English) Plaque in memory of Pio Spaccamela, general of Regio Esercito's Engineer Corps. He was born in Arpino, Frosinone, 30 December 1849 and died in Rome 11 December 1928.

Pio Spaccamela is another almost forgotten name, except fo a barrack in Udine and some streets (at Roma and Arpino).

The plaque, placed in Via Piave 49 and posed in 1930, presents the double notation for the year: gregorian calendar and Fascist Era (the year with roman numerals). This peculiar system of numeration (along the same lines of french revolutionary calendar) starts with the day of March on Rome, was introcude in 1926 and adopted in 1927.

Sapccamela was indeed a supporter to the came at power of National Fascist Party. And probably this is as well the motivation that motivated the municipality to devote a plaque to a general awarded with Golden Medal for a fact happened 30 years before.

The 23 April 1891, when he was a simple Capitain, he became protagonist, with Bersaglieri corporal Domenico Cattaneo, of the operation to reduce the effects of Vigna Pia powder magazine explosion.

Both Spaccamela and Cattaneo were seriously wounded, Spaccamela at the head and Cattaneo lost a leg, amputated for the injuries. They received the Golden Medal to Military Value the following 31 May.

Near Vigna Pia, an agrary school establihed by Pio IX in 1847 between Portuense and Magliana, in 1882, after the nazionalization of Church properties, was created a powder magazine for the recently built Fort Portuense.

The 23 april 1891, altough the Cattaneo and Spaccamela efforts, the esxplosion gravely damaged Vigna Pia. Damage occurred also in far buidings, like the Santa Maria della Luce church and the stained glass in Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls.



Here a translation of the Golden Medal motivation:

The morning of 26 April 1891, while he was going to make studies out Porta Portese, (he was) informed that the powder magazine of Vigna Pia was about to explode, from one of the bersaglieri on guard, (who was) sent to main road to advise of th danger, (Pio Spaccamela) hastened to provide. Nonchalant of his one's life, just to avoid the catastrophe, he wanted to enter in the powder magazine itself, bu he couldn't , be lacking of the keys; howevere, after an attentive examination done in the middle of peril, persuaded of the impossibility to avoid the disaster, that he recognized as imminent, with awesome cold blood, (he) imparted opportune orders to attenuate the effects (of the disaster).

The last to retreat from the peril, he was invested by explosion at about 40 meter from the powder magazine, remaing horribly wounded at the head.
Rome, 23 April 1891

Here a translation of the plaque inscription:

THE GENERAL

PIO SPACCAMELA

AWARDED WITH GOLD MEDAL

OF MILITARY VALOR

FOR THE HEROISM EXHIBITED

IN THE EXPLOSION OF POWDER MAGAZINE

AT VIGNA PIA

THE 23 APRIL 1891

DIED IN THIS HOUSE

THE 11 DECEMBER 1928 - 7TH (YEAR OF FASCIST ERA)

S·P·Q·R



1930                 9TH
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(Italian) plaque in memory of Pius Spaccamela, General of the Royal Army Corps of Engineers, was born in Arpino, Frosinone, December 30, 1849 and died in Rome on 11 December 1928. Pio Spaccamela is another name almost forgotten, were it not for the barracks named after him in Udine, and some way (one in Rome and one in Arpino). The plaque, located in Via Piave 49, was laid in 1930, presents the year with double notation: Fascist Era and Gregorian year (year with Roman numerals). This peculiar numbering system (along the lines of the French revolutionary calendar) from the day of the March on Rome, was introduced in 1926, and its use began the following year. Spaccamela was in fact among the supporters of the advent to power of the National Fascist Party. It was probably also the reason that prompted the administration to dedicate a plaque to this gold medal for an event happened almost 30 years ago.
On 23 April 1891, then simply captain, was the star, along with Lance Cpl sharpshooters Domenico Cattaneo, operations to minimize the effects of the explosion of gunpowder Vigna Pia.

Both were seriously wounded in the head and Spaccamela Cattaneo had a leg amputated, but managed to avoid more serious damage. They were awarded the Gold Medal for Valor on May 31 next. At Vigna Pia, which was originally an agricultural school built by Pius IX in 1847 and between Portuense Magliana, in 1882, after the nationalization of the building units within the Church, had been established a deposit of dust for the Fort Portuense recently built. On 23 April 1891, despite the efforts of Cattaneo and Spaccamela, however, was that the explosion seriously damaged the building. Damage also occurred in the structure far as the church of Santa Maria de la Luz and the windows of the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls.

The motivation for the Medal of Valor:
the morning of April 23, 1891, on his way to carry out studies of Portaportese, informed that the powder was about to break out of Vigna Pia, from a guard of sharpshooters posted on the road to warn of the danger, rather to provide you noticed. Careless of their lives but groped to avoid the disaster, he wanted to penetrate the powder itself, but lacking the keys could not, however, after careful analysis done in the midst of danger, convinced of the impossibility to prevent the disaster, acknowledged that imminent, with admirable coolness, gave necessary orders to mitigate the effects. Last to withdraw from danger, he was hit by the blast about 40 meters from the powder remains horribly wounded in the head.
Rome, April 23, 1891.

THE GENERAL
PIO Spaccamela
DECORATIVE
Gold Medal for Valor for heroism

SHOWN IN THE OUTBREAK OF A powder keg
VIGNA PIA
THE XXIII April MDCCCXCI
DIED IN THIS HOUSE
The December MCMXXVIII XI - VII

S · P · Q EAR

MCMXXX IX

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Riccardo Grazioli Lante della Rovere - Piazza Grazioli

(English) In this case the definiction of "plaque" is in someways reductive, the better definition is a truly funeral monument hanged to a building. An probably, in the peculiar field of "memorial plaques", this is the most magnificent monument devoted to a single man, surely in Rome, probably in Italy (and maybe in the whole World). Green marble: the winged Victory, a bust of the fallen, bronze garlands, coat of arms, the inscription on a plaque in the shape of a sepulchre. Grandeur for a single, almost forgotten man, a younger officer, a second lieutant, fallen in n almost forgotten war: the Italo-Turkish War, the La Guerra di Libia . But the fallen man was posthumously awarded with a Gold Medal of Military Valor, and he came from two notable noble families of Rome, one, and centre Italy, the other: Grazioli and Della Rovere.

And the momunent is placed in Piazza Grazioli, on the outer wall of Palazzo Grazioli, his family builiding, so the magnificent is well explained.



Riccardo Grazioli fallen in the first actions of Italo-Turkish war, but the monument was place in April 1914, 2 years and half later on Riccardo's birhtday anniversary, three months before the first world war outbreak, and the plaque magnificent seems like an involontary prelude of first world war interventionism.



Riccardo Grazioli was born in Rome the 21 April 1887. He was graduated ensign at Livorno Naval Academy in 1907. Before Guerra di Libia outbreak he was detached at Regia Marina Command in Beijing.

At the war outbreak he was detached on ironclad ram Marco Polo , directed to Homs (today Al Khums) a port in Tripolitania.

The 23 October was assigned to a reconnaissance mission. But when he find that an artillery battery commander was wounded, and unable to lead his men, Grazioli take in charge the battery, reorganizig it, and entrust to other the charge to take back to the vessels with the informartions taken during reconnaissance.

Five days later, the landing artillery battery was attaccked by five hunderds men, and Grazioli was still at command. He fallen there, the position that he taken over, on his own initiative, five days before.
Here a translation of the Golden Medal motivation:

The 23 October in Homs, after he boldly accomplished a mission on land on a soil shelled from enemy fire, (he) went ashore a second time to collect informations, (he) entrusted to others the duty to take back on board, and, with one's own initiative he hastened to substitute the landing battery.

(He) reanimated ed infused new dare in the men exhausted for causalties, the efforts and fasts; (he) provided to collect the heavily damaged material and, in spite of darkness of the night and the continuous enemy fire, trough great difficults of terrain, he conducted the battery at complete in retrenchments.

The 28 October, also in Homs,example to his yours (comraden) of heroic firmness, he commanded the landing battery of his ship exposing daringly to the enemy fire to command the fire, until he fallen deadly wounded.
Homs, 23-28 October 1911



Funeral monument author was the sculptor Alcibiade Mazzeo.

In the centre there is a Winged Victory, dressed only with a thin veil, the left hand on a volume with "Italica Gens", Italian People on its cover. In the right there was probably a laurel wreath, today gone, remains only some leaves and berries. The gesture of right hand seems to crown, with the gone laurel the bust fo Grazioli on the left. The bust is in the form of an hight-relief. In opposition with the bust, the family coats of arms in the most magnificent forms, mounted with an helmet and sorrounded with a drape.

The central plaque, or, better, the stone monolith, is sorrounded with to palm leaves. At monument sides to other leaves wreath in bronze. The garland on the right with oaks and laurel, mounted with a star. On the left one with oaks and a not identified kind of leaves.

Here a translation of the plaque inscription:

THE (NAVAL VESSEL) SUB-LIEUTENANT

RICCARDO GRAZIOLI LANTE DE LA ROVERE

FALLEN AT HOMES THE 28 OCTOBER 1911

EMULATING ANCESTRAL DEEDS

BETWEEN HEROES COME TO LIFE AGAIN IN THE HISTORY

THE NATIONAL FEDERATION

VETERANS FROM HOMELAND BATTLES AND DISCHARGE IN Servicemen
CONSECRATA
ROME, 21 APRIL 1914
-

(Italian) In this case the definition of "plaque" is somewhat simplistic, the most suitable is a real tomb hung from a building. And probably, in the particular field of "plaques in memory" is the most magnificent piece of plaque dedicated to a single man, certainly in Rome, probably in Italy (and perhaps the world). Green marble: the Winged Victory, the bust of the Fallen, wreaths and garlands made of bronze, the inscription on a tombstone in the shape of the tomb.
Grandeur for one man, almost forgot. A young officer, a sottonenente just fallen into a nearly forgotten war: the Italo-Turkish war, or Libya. But it was dedicated to the fallen
a Gold Medal for Military Valour to memory, and came from two important noble families of Rome, one o'clock, and central Italy, the other: the Grazioli and the Della Rovere.
And the monument is located in Piazza Grazioli, outside of Palazzo Grazioli, the palace of his family, the magnificence of the "stone" is thus explained.

Riccardo Grazioli fell during the first actions of the Italo-Turkish War, but the monument was placed in April 1914, two and a half years later, the anniversary of the birth Grazioli, only three months before the outbreak of World War I, the plaque is a prelude to such an involuntary intervention in the First World War.

He was born in Rome April 21, 1887. He was appointed midshipman at the Naval Academy in Livorno in 1907. Before the outbreak of the War of Libya was assigned at the detachment of the Royal Navy in Beijing. At the outbreak of war was lieutenant on air armored Marco Polo directed to Homs (today Al Khums) in Tripoli.
October 23 was assigned to a reconnaissance mission. When he found that the commander of a battery of artillery landing was wounded, and is incapable of leading his men, Grazioli took command of the battery, reorganization, and entrusting it to others to come back on board COPN the information collected during the survey.
Five days later, when the artillery was attacked by 500 men, Grazioli was still in command. He fell and remained in command of his own initiative he had taken five days earlier.
The motivation for the Medal of Valor: The
October 23 at Homs, after completing a mission to boldly on the ground floor wrought by enemy fire, landed a second time to gather news, the task was entrusted to others to bring them to board and ran on its own initiative to replace the battery commander of the landing was wounded.
revived and infused new courage in men exhausted by their losses, the fatigue and fasting, arranged to collect the material seriously damaged, and despite the darkness of the night and not enemy fire stopped, through serious difficulties on the ground, brought back the battery to full in trenches.
On 28 October, also at Homs, his example of heroic determination, he commanded the battery of his landing ship boldly exposing himself to enemy fire to direct the fire until he fell mortally wounded.
Homs, 23 - 28 October 1911 Author

the sculptor of the monument was Alcibiades Mazzeo.
the middle a Winged Victory, wearing only a thin veil.
His left hand rests on a volume "Gens Italica" on the cover. Probably in the right hand holding a laurel wreath, now lost and of which only a few leaves and berries.
The gesture of the right hand of the Winged Victory seems to be crowned with the crown of the bust of Grazioli then lost to the left.
Bust in the form of high relief. In opposite to the envelope coat of arms of the family in its most rich: surrounded by Trapp and crowned by a helmet chivalry.
The central plaque, or rather the stone monolith surrounded by palm leaves. On either side of the monument two rows of leaves in bronze. The crown of the right with oak and laurel, surmounted by a star. The left with oak leaves, and another branch that is not identifiable.

Sub-Lieutenant
GRAZIOLI LANTE RICCARDO DE LA HOMES FOR THE FALLEN OAK
October 28, 1911
EMULATED AVIT GESTA
AMONG THE HEROES IT LIVES AGAIN THE NATIONAL FEDERATION HISTORY

Veterans PATRIE BATTLE IN MILITARY LEAVE
CONSECRATES April 21, 1914 ROME

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